General practice & primary care · UKMLA & AKT
Cardiovascular disease prevention
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test, covering how to recognise this condition. The full SA Note notes add investigations, management and complications, with practice questions on this topic.
Key high-yield points
- NHS Health Check - all adults aged 40-74 without pre-existing CVD/diabetes/CKD, every 5 years; includes QRISK3, BP, BMI, cholesterol, blood glucose
- Smoking cessation - varenicline (most effective), NRT, or bupropion
- Diet - total fat ≤30% energy; saturated fat ≤10%; salt <5 g/day; ≥5 fruit/veg daily; 2 portions fish/week (≥1 oily); Mediterranean diet has supporting evidence
- Physical activity - ≥150 min moderate-intensity aerobic exercise/week or 75 min vigorous
- Weight management - target BMI 20-25 kg/m²; waist circumference targets:
- White European: men <102 cm, women <88 cm
- South Asian: men <90 cm, women <80 cm (lower thresholds - greater metabolic risk)
- Alcohol - no more than 14 units/week, spread over ≥3 days, with ≥2 alcohol-free days/week
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