UKMLA & AKT revision notes by topic
Free high-yield previews for the UK Medical Licensing Assessment, mapped to the MLA content map and organised by specialty. Each topic links to the full SA Note notes, question bank and mock exams.
Acute & emergency
- Acute coronary syndromes
- Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- Allergic and anaphylactic transfusion reactions
- Benzodiazepine overdose
- Beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdose
- Cardiac failure
- Colonic perforation
- Compartment syndrome
- Dehydration
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction
- Haemorrhagic stroke (intracerebral haemorrhage)
- Heat exhaustion
- Heatstroke
- Hypothermia
- Malignant hyperthermia
- Metabolic acidosis
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Myocardial infarction
- Oesophageal perforation
- Opioid overdose
- Paracetamol overdose
- Perforated peptic ulcer
- Pneumonia
- Respiratory acidosis
- Respiratory alkalosis
- Respiratory arrest
- Salicylate overdose
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) overdose
- Sepsis
- Septic transfusion reaction
- Small bowel perforation
- Spinal cord compression
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage
- Testicular torsion
- Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)
- Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
- Tricyclic antidepressant overdose
- Type 1 respiratory failure
- Type 2 respiratory failure
- Unstable angina
All areas of clinical practice
Cancer
- Anticoagulation in cancer-associated thrombosis
- Anticoagulation monitoring and dose adjustment
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Bladder cancer
- Bone metastases
- Brain metastases
- Carcinomatosis (peritoneal/leptomeningeal)
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
- Endometrial cancer
- Gastric cancer
- Hypercalcaemia of malignancy
- Liver metastases
- Lung metastases
- Malignant ascites
- Malignant melanoma
- Management of bleeding on anticoagulation
- Ovarian cancer
- Pathological fracture
- Peri-operative management of anticoagulation
- Prostate cancer
- Reversal of anticoagulation
- Spinal cord compression (metastatic)
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Test page
- Testicular cancer
Cardiovascular
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Acute coronary syndrome: initial assessment and management
- Acute limb ischaemia
- Acute mesenteric ischaemia
- Acute pericarditis
- Anaphylactic shock
- Aortic dissection
- Aortic regurgitation
- Aortic stenosis
- Aortic valve disease
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
- Arterial ulcers
- Atrial septal defect (ASD)
- Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
- Bundle branch blocks and bifascicular block
- Cardiac arrest
- Cardiac tamponade
- Cardiogenic shock
- Carotid dissection
- Chronic mesenteric ischaemia
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Distributive shock (septic shock)
- Dry gangrene
- First-degree AV block
- Fournier's gangrene
- Gas gangrene
- Haemorrhagic stroke
- Heart failure
- Hypertension (essential or secondary)
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Hypovolaemic shock
- Infective endocarditis
- Ischaemic colitis
- Ischaemic heart disease (including stable Phaeochromocytoma angina)
- Ischaemic stroke
- Mitral regurgitation
- Mitral stenosis
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Myocarditis
- Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS)
- Obstructive shock
- Orthostatic/ postural hypotension
- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- Pericardial effusion
- Peripheral arterial disease
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Popliteal aneurysm
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Pulmonary regurgitation
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Renal artery thrombosis/embolism
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- Second-degree AV block (Mobitz I and II)
- Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction
- Sinus bradycardia and sick sinus syndrome
- ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
- Stable angina
- Stroke (ischaemic)
- Superior vena cava obstruction
- Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Third-degree (complete) heart block
- Thoracic aortic aneurysm
- Torsades de pointes
- Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
- Transposition of the great arteries
- Tricuspid regurgitation
- Tricuspid stenosis
- Vasovagal syncope
- Venous insufficiency (including varicose veins)
- Venous ulcers
- Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- Wet gangrene
Child health
- Acute kidney injury
- Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
- Adenovirus gastroenteritis
- Adhesional bowel obstruction
- Adult Malnutrition
- Allergic conjunctivitis
- Anaphylaxis
- Anogenital warts (condylomata acuminata)
- Appendicitis
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Bacterial conjunctivitis
- Bacterial meningitis
- Biliary atresia
- Bitemporal hemianopia
- Brain tumours in children
- Bronchietasis
- Bronchiolitis
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic lung disease of prematurity)
- Cellulitis
- cerebral palsy and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
- Chickenpox (Varicella)
- Chronic kidney disease
- Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
- Coeliac disease
- Common warts (verruca vulgaris)
- Community-acquired pneumonia in children
- Cow milk protein allergy
- Croup
- Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
- Cryptorchidism
- Cushing's syndrome
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
- Diabetes mellitus type 1
- Diabetes mellitus type 2
- Diaphragmatic hernia
- Down's syndrome
- Duodenal atresia
- Enthesitis-related arthritis
- Epigastric hernia
- Epiglottitis
- Erb's palsy (Erb-Duchenne palsy)
- Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)
- Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease/Parvovirus B19)
- Facial nerve palsy in children
- Faltering growth (failure to thrive)
- Febrile convulsions
- Femoral hernia
- Functional ileus
- Fungal and other non-bacterial meningitis
- Gastritis
- Global developmental delay
- Hand, foot and mouth disease
- Henoch-Schonlein purpura
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Herpes labialis (cold sores)
- Hirschsprung disease
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Homonymous hemianopia
- HPV vaccination in children
- HSV encephalitis
- Hyposplenism/splenectomy
- Hypothyroidism
- Inguinal hernia
- Intestinal malrotation with volvulus
- Intraventricular haemorrhage
- Invasive candidiasis in children
- Kawasaki disease
- Klumpke's palsy
- Learning disability (intellectual disability)
- Malaria
- Malrotation and midgut volvulus
- Measles
- Mesenteric adenitis
- Monocular vision loss and scotomas
- Motor delay
- Nappy candidiasis
- Necrotising enterocolitis
- Neonatal conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum)
- Neonatal hepatitis and cholestasis
- Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection
- Neonatal jaundice
- Neuroblastoma
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children
- Obstetric brachial plexus injury
- Oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula
- Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- Oral candidiasis (thrush)
- Osgood-Schlatter disease
- Patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Peritonitis
- Periventricular leukomalacia
- Perthes disease
- Plantar warts (verrucae)
- Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
- Psoriatic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- Pyloric stenosis
- Quadrantanopia
- Radial nerve palsy in children
- Reactive arthritis
- Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
- Retinoblastoma
- Retinopathy of prematurity
- Roseola infantum (Exanthem subitum)
- Roseola infantum (HHV-6)
- Rotavirus gastroenteritis
- Rubella (German measles)
- Scarlet fever
- Septic arthritis
- Septic arthritis of the hip
- Slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE)
- Speech and language delay
- Subdural haemorrhage
- Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (Still's disease)
- Tension headache
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Transient synovitis (irritable hip)
- Tuberculous meningitis
- Umbilical hernia
- Viral conjunctivitis
- Viral meningitis
- Volvulus
- Whooping cough (pertussis)
- Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma)
Clinical haematology
- Acquired haemophilia and inhibitors
- Acute leukaemia (presenting with pancytopenia)
- Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
- Alpha-thalassaemia
- Anaemia of chronic disease
- Aplastic anaemia
- Beta-thalassaemia
- Blood film patterns in haematological malignancy
- Burkitt lymphoma
- Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)
- Chronic myeloid leukaemia
- Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
- Computed tomography (CT)
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Essential thrombocythaemia
- Follicular lymphoma
- Haemolytic anaemia
- Haemophilia A
- Haemophilia A and B
- Haemophilia B
- Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Hereditary thrombophilias
- Hypersplenism
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
- Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
- Interventional radiology
- Iron deficiency anaemia
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Mantle cell lymphoma
- Marginal zone lymphoma (MALT lymphoma)
- Megaloblastic anaemia
- Megaloblastic anaemia (B12 and folate deficiency)
- Multiple myeloma
- Myelodysplastic syndromes
- Neutropenia and neutropenic sepsis
- Nuclear medicine and PET imaging
- Patient on anti-platelet therapy
- Plain radiography (X-ray)
- Platelet abnormalities on blood film
- Polycythaemia vera
- Primary myelofibrosis
- Reactive thrombocytosis
- Red cell abnormalities on blood film
- Red cell inclusions and parasites
- Relative polycythaemia
- Secondary polycythaemia
- Sickle cell disease
- Sickle cell trait and variants
- Sideroblastic anaemia
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- Ultrasound imaging
- Vitamin K deficiency and warfarin-related coagulopathy
- Von Willebrand disease
- White cell abnormalities on blood film
- yeloproliferative disorders
Clinical imaging
- Achilles tendon rupture
- Ankle fractures
- Ankle ligament sprains
- Calcaneal fractures
- Clavicle fractures
- Distal radius fractures
- Elbow fractures and dislocations
- Extradural haemorrhage
- Femoral shaft fractures
- Forearm fractures (radius and ulna)
- Hip fractures (femoral neck and intertrochanteric)
- Humeral shaft fractures
- Knee ligament injuries (ACL/PCL/MCL/LCL)
- Lung cancer
- Meniscal tears
- Muscle strains and tears (hamstring/quadriceps/calf)
- Patellar fractures
- Plantar fasciitis
- Pneumothorax
- Proximal humerus fractures
- Scaphoid fractures
- Supracondylar fractures of the humerus
- Tibial plateau fractures
- Tibial shaft fractures
Dermatology
- Acne vulgaris
- Actinic keratosis
- Allergic contact dermatitis
- Atopic dermatitis/eczema
- Bowen's disease
- Burns
- Candidiasis (cutaneous and mucosal)
- Cherry angioma (Campbell de Morgan spots)
- Cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus
- Cutaneous signs of malignancy (paraneoplastic dermatoses)
- Cutaneous warts
- Dermatofibroma
- Dermatological features of thyroid disease
- Dermatological manifestations of diabetes mellitus
- Epidermoid and pilar cysts
- Erythema nodosum
- Folliculitis
- Haemangioma
- Head lice
- Hidradenitis suppurativa
- Irritant contact dermatitis
- Keratoacanthoma
- Lichen planus
- Lipoma
- Mixed arterial-venous ulcers
- Neuropathic ulcers
- Pityriasis versicolor
- Pressure sores
- Pressure ulcers
- Psoriasis
- Rosacea
- Scabies
- Sebaceous hyperplasia
- Seborrhoeic keratosis
- Skin changes in sarcoidosis
- Skin manifestations of liver disease
- Skin signs in inflammatory bowel disease
- Skin tags (acrochordons)
- Squamous cell carcinoma (skin)
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Tinea capitis
- Tinea corporis and tinea cruris
- Tinea pedis
- Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)
- Venous leg ulcers
Ear, nose & throat
- Acoustic neuroma
- Acute upper airway obstruction in adults
- Acute upper airway obstruction in children
- Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
- Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
- Cholesteatoma
- Emergency surgical airway (cricothyroidotomy)
- Epistaxis
- Follicular thyroid carcinoma
- Foreign body airway obstruction
- Labyrinthitis / vestibular neuritis
- Laryngeal cancer
- Mastoiditis
- Medullary thyroid carcinoma
- Ménière's disease
- Nasal polyps
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- Obstructive sleep apnoea
- Oral cavity cancer
- Oropharyngeal cancer
- Otitis media
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma
- Perforated eardrum
- Pharyngitis/ tonsillitis
- Quinsy/ peritonsillar abscess
- Rhinosinusitis
- Salivary gland tumours
- Thyroid nodules
- Tracheostomy management
Endocrine & metabolic
- Acromegaly
- Addison's disease
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Chronic complications of diabetes
- Cushing syndrome
- Cushing's disease
- Diabetes insipidus
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Diabetic microvascular complications
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Drug-induced and factitious thyrotoxicosis
- Essential (primary) hypertension
- Gestational diabetes
- Gestational diabetes mellitus
- Graves disease (including thyroid eye disease)
- Graves' disease
- Haemochromatosis
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state
- Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS)
- Hyperprolactinaemia
- Hyperthermia and hypothermia
- Hypoglycaemia
- Hypoglycaemia in diabetes
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypopituitarism
- Metabolic syndrome
- Non-functioning pituitary adenoma
- Osteomalacia
- Phaeochromocytoma
- Pituitary apoplexy
- Pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy
- Prediabetes
- Primary aldosteronism
- Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Prolactinoma
- Refeeding syndrome
- Renal artery stenosis
- Secondary hyperparathyroidism
- Secondary hypertension
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
- Thyroid eye disease
- Thyroid storm
- Thyroiditis (subacute, silent, postpartum)
- Toxic adenoma (solitary toxic nodule)
- Toxic multinodular goitre
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Gastroenterology
- Acute cholangitis
- Acute diverticulitis
- Acute liver failure
- Acute pancreatitis
- Anal fissure
- Anorexia nervosa
- Ascites
- Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
- Bile salt malabsorption
- Binge eating disorder
- Bulimia nervosa
- Cholecystitis
- Chronic liver failure and decompensated cirrhosis
- Cirrhosis
- Colorectal cancer
- Colorectal neuroendocrine tumours
- Colorectal polyps
- Constipation
- Crohn's disease
- Diverticular bleeding
- Diverticulosis and symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease
- Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
- Folate deficiency
- Gallstones and biliary colic
- Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
- Haemorrhoids
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Hiatus hernia
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Lactose intolerance
- Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)
- Malnutrition
- Oesophageal cancer
- Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency
- Shigella dysentery
- Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)
- Tropical sprue
- Ulcerative colitis
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
General practice & prim
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening
- Alcohol use disorder
- Anxiety disorder: generalised
- Asthma
- Atopic dermatitis and eczema
- Atrophic vaginitis
- Bell's palsy
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Benzodiazepine dependence
- Biceps tendinopathy and rupture
- Bowel cancer screening
- Breast screening programme
- Bursitis
- Cannabis use disorder
- Cardiovascular disease prevention
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Cervical screening programme
- Chronic fatigue syndrome
- De Quervain's tenosynovitis
- Depression
- Diabetic retinopathy screening
- Functional incontinence
- Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
- Gout
- Immunisation schedules
- Impetigo
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
- Lyme disease
- Medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow)
- Mixed urinary incontinence
- Newborn and child screening programmes
- Obesity
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Olecranon bursitis
- Opioid use disorder
- Osteoarthritis
- Osteoporosis
- Otitis externa
- Overflow incontinence
- Panic disorder
- Parkinson's disease
- Phobic anxiety disorders
- Polymyalgia rheumatica
- Pseudogout (Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease)
- Rotator cuff injuries
- Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
- Stimulant use disorder
- Stress incontinence
- Tonsillitis
- Trichiasis
- Trigeminal neuralgia
- Urge incontinence (overactive bladder)
- Urticaria
- Varicose veins
- Whooping cough
Infection
- Abscess
- Breast abscess
- Brucellosis
- Campylobacter gastroenteritis
- Catheter-associated urinary tract infection
- Central line-associated bloodstream infection
- Chlamydia
- Clostridioides difficile infection
- COVID-19
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) mononucleosis
- Epididymitis and orchitis
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infectious mononucleosis
- Escherichia coli gastroenteritis
- Giardiasis
- Helicobacter pylori
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Influenza
- Lactational mastitis
- Leptospirosis (Weil's disease)
- Mumps
- Neutropenic sepsis
- Non-lactational mastitis
- Norovirus gastroenteritis
- Notifiable diseases
- Osteomyelitis
- Perianal abscesses and fistulae
- Psittacosis (Ornithosis)
- Pyrexia of unknown origin
- Q fever
- Rabies
- Rubella
- Salmonella gastroenteritis
- Shigella gastroenteritis
- Surgical site infection
- Syphilis
- Tetanus
- Toxic shock syndrome
- Toxoplasmosis
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Typhoid
- Varicella zoster virus
Medicine of older adult
Mental health
- Acute stress reaction
- Alcoholic hepatitis
- Alzheimer's disease
- Antisocial personality disorder
- Anxiety disorder: post-traumatic stress disorder
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Bipolar affective disorder
- Borderline personality disorder
- Cluster A personality disorders
- Cluster C personality disorders
- Delirium
- Dementia with Lewy bodies
- Emotionally unstable personality disorder
- Frontotemporal dementia
- Mixed dementia
- Schizophrenia
- Self-harm
- Somatisation
- Vascular dementia
Musculoskeletal
Neurology
- Becker muscular dystrophy
- Brain abscess
- Cerebral palsy
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Encephalitis
- Epilepsy
- Essential tremor
- Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
- Febrile convulsion
- Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
- Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies
- Migraine
- Motor neurone disease
- Multiple sclerosis
- Myasthenia gravis
- Myotonic dystrophy
- Raised intracranial pressure
- Spinal fracture
- Transient ischaemic attacks
- Wernicke's encephalopathy
Obstetrics & gynaecology
- Bacterial vaginosis
- Cervical cancer
- Cervical screening (HPV)
- Cord prolapse
- Eclampsia
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Endometriosis
- Gestational hypertension
- HELLP syndrome
- Menopause
- Obesity and pregnancy
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Placental abruption
- Pre-eclampsia
- Termination of pregnancy
- Vasa praevia
- VTE in pregnancy and puerperium
Ophthalmology
- Acanthamoeba keratitis
- Acute glaucoma
- Anterior uveitis (iritis)
- Bacterial keratitis
- Blepharitis
- Cataracts
- Central retinal arterial occlusion
- Central retinal vein occlusion
- Chalazion
- Chronic glaucoma
- Corneal ulcer/abrasion
- Diabetes-related cataract
- Diabetic cranial nerve palsies
- Diabetic macular oedema
- Ectropion
- Entropion
- Episcleritis
- Fungal keratitis
- Herpes simplex keratitis
- Hordeolum (stye)
- Hypertensive retinopathy
- Iritis
- Keratitis
- Macular degeneration
- Optic neuritis
- Orbital cellulitis
- Papilloedema
- Periorbital cellulitis (preseptal cellulitis)
- Ptosis
- Retinal detachment
- Scleritis
- Subconjunctival haemorrhage
- Uveitis
Palliative & end-of-life care
Perioperative medicine & anaesthesia
Renal & urology
Respiratory
- Acute bronchitis
- Acute epiglottitis
- Acute laryngitis and croup
- Acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis
- Acute rhinosinusitis
- Allergic asthma
- Allergic rhinitis
- Asbestos-related lung cancer
- Asbestos-related pleural disease
- Asbestosis
- Asbestosis and asbestos-related pleural disease
- Asthma COPD overlap syndrome
- Berylliosis
- Bronchiectasis
- Coal worker's pneumoconiosis
- Common cold (acute viral rhinitis)
- Connective tissue disease-associated ILD
- Cystic fibrosis
- Drug allergy and hypersensitivity
- Drug-induced interstitial lung disease
- Food allergy
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis)
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Mesothelioma
- Occupational asthma
- Occupational lung disease (pneumoconioses)
- Pulmonary embolism
- Silicosis
- Tuberculosis
- Urticaria and angioedema