Cardiovascular · UKMLA & AKT
Pulmonary regurgitation
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test, covering how to recognise this condition. The full SA Note notes add investigations, management and complications, with practice questions on this topic.
Key high-yield points
- Often asymptomatic - discovered incidentally on echo or during workup for pulmonary hypertension/post-cardiac surgery
- When symptomatic, features reflect right heart failure:
- Fatigue and exertional dyspnoea - reduced right-sided cardiac output
- Raised JVP - elevated right atrial filling pressure
- Peripheral oedema and ascites - venous congestion
- Pulsatile hepatomegaly - transmitted pulsations via IVC to liver (key distinguishing feature)
- Right ventricular heave - parasternal lift from RV dilatation
- Murmur: early diastolic, decrescendo, blowing, soft - loudest at left sternal border, 2nd intercostal space; increases on inspiration (augmented venous return accentuates all right-sided murmurs)
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