Cardiovascular · UKMLA & AKT
Pulmonary regurgitation
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test. Below are the key points to recognise pulmonary regurgitation — the full SA Note notes add investigations, management, complications and 10 practice questions.
Key high-yield points
- Often asymptomatic - discovered incidentally on echo or during workup for pulmonary hypertension/post-cardiac surgery
- When symptomatic, features reflect right heart failure:
- Fatigue and exertional dyspnoea - reduced right-sided cardiac output
- Raised JVP - elevated right atrial filling pressure
- Peripheral oedema and ascites - venous congestion
- Pulsatile hepatomegaly - transmitted pulsations via IVC to liver (key distinguishing feature)
- Right ventricular heave - parasternal lift from RV dilatation
- Murmur: early diastolic, decrescendo, blowing, soft - loudest at left sternal border, 2nd intercostal space; increases on inspiration (augmented venous return accentuates all right-sided murmurs)
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