Renal & urology · UKMLA & AKT
Urinary tract infection in children
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test, covering how to recognise this condition. The full SA Note notes add investigations, management and complications, with practice questions on this topic.
Key high-yield points
- Infants (<3 months): fever, lethargy, poor feeding, irritability, vomiting, faltering growth, prolonged jaundice - no localising urinary symptoms
- Young children (3 months - 3 years): fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, change in urine smell, screaming on micturition
- Older children (>3 years): dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, haematuria, cloudy/foul-smelling urine
- Upper UTI (pyelonephritis): fever ≥38°C, loin/back pain, nausea and vomiting, rigors, renal angle tenderness
Fever without an obvious source in a child under 2 years is a UTI until proven otherwise - always obtain a urine sample before attributing fever to a viral illness.
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