Child health · UKMLA & AKT
Acute kidney injury
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test, covering how to recognise this condition. The full SA Note notes add investigations, management and complications, with practice questions on this topic.
Key high-yield points
- Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN): drug exposure (most commonly penicillins) → T-lymphocyte infiltration of renal interstitium → cytokine release → interstitial oedema and tubular dysfunction → impaired potassium secretion → hyperkalaemia
- HUS in children: Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 → microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia + thrombocytopenia + AKI
NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors are particularly dangerous in hypovolaemia - they remove compensatory afferent/efferent arteriolar mechanisms that maintain GFR.
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