Child health · UKMLA & AKT
Acute kidney injury
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test. Below are the key points to recognise acute kidney injury — the full SA Note notes add investigations, management, complications and 10 practice questions.
Key high-yield points
- Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN): drug exposure (most commonly penicillins) → T-lymphocyte infiltration of renal interstitium → cytokine release → interstitial oedema and tubular dysfunction → impaired potassium secretion → hyperkalaemia
- HUS in children: Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 → microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia + thrombocytopenia + AKI
NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors are particularly dangerous in hypovolaemia - they remove compensatory afferent/efferent arteriolar mechanisms that maintain GFR.
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