Child health · UKMLA & AKT
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test, covering how to recognise this condition. The full SA Note notes add investigations, management and complications, with practice questions on this topic.
Key high-yield points
- Affects ~5% of children; 2-5x more common in boys (girls underdiagnosed - more often inattentive subtype)
- Heritability ~70-80% - one of the most heritable psychiatric conditions
- ~50% continue to meet criteria in adulthood - inattention is the dominant persisting feature
- Pathophysiology: reduced dopaminergic and noradrenergic activity in prefrontal cortex → impaired executive function, inhibitory control, working memory
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