Endocrine & metabolic · UKMLA & AKT
Diabetic microvascular complications
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test. Below are the key points to recognise diabetic microvascular complications — the full SA Note notes add investigations, management, complications and 10 practice questions.
Key high-yield points
- Sustained hyperglycaemia → polyol pathway excess, AGE formation, PKC activation, oxidative stress → endothelial and pericyte damage → leaky, ischaemic small vessels
- Glucose enters endothelial cells independently of insulin - they are directly exposed to plasma glucose levels
- Hypertension accelerates injury in all three compartments - BP control is as important as glucose control
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