Gastroenterology · UKMLA & AKT
Haemorrhoids
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test. Below are the key points to recognise haemorrhoids — the full SA Note notes add investigations, management, complications and 10 practice questions.
Key high-yield points
- Haemorrhoids arise from abnormal engorgement and prolapse of the normal anal vascular cushions. The dentate line divides internal (above, visceral innervation = painless) from external (below, somatic innervation = painful/itchy).
Thrombosed external haemorrhoid - sudden severe perianal pain with a tender, bluish lump. Manage with incision and evacuation of clot within 72 hours. After 72 hours: conservative management (analgesia, sitz baths, stool softeners) as clot begins to resolve spontaneously.
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