Gastroenterology · UKMLA & AKT
Haemorrhoids
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test, covering how to recognise this condition. The full SA Note notes add investigations, management and complications, with practice questions on this topic.
Key high-yield points
- Haemorrhoids arise from abnormal engorgement and prolapse of the normal anal vascular cushions. The dentate line divides internal (above, visceral innervation = painless) from external (below, somatic innervation = painful/itchy).
Thrombosed external haemorrhoid - sudden severe perianal pain with a tender, bluish lump. Manage with incision and evacuation of clot within 72 hours. After 72 hours: conservative management (analgesia, sitz baths, stool softeners) as clot begins to resolve spontaneously.
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