Infection · UKMLA & AKT
Helicobacter pylori
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test. Below are the key points to recognise helicobacter pylori — the full SA Note notes add investigations, management, complications and 10 practice questions.
Key high-yield points
- Gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral bacillus - survives gastric acid via urease (converts urea → ammonia + CO₂, locally neutralising pH)
- Present in ~95% of duodenal ulcers and 70-80% of gastric ulcers
- WHO Group 1 carcinogen - drives Correa cascade (chronic gastritis → atrophy → intestinal metaplasia → dysplasia → adenocarcinoma)
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