Ear, nose & throat · UKMLA & AKT
Thyroid nodules
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test. Below are the key points to recognise thyroid nodules — the full SA Note notes add investigations, management, complications and 10 practice questions.
Key high-yield points
- A thyroid nodule is a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland - majority are benign; malignancy risk ~5-15%
- Defining clinical sign: neck mass that moves upward on swallowing (tethered to larynx/trachea via pretracheal fascia)
- Medullary thyroid cancer arises from parafollicular C cells (not follicular cells) - produces calcitonin as tumour marker
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