Ear, nose & throat · UKMLA & AKT
Thyroid nodules
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test, covering how to recognise this condition. The full SA Note notes add investigations, management and complications, with practice questions on this topic.
Key high-yield points
- A thyroid nodule is a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland - majority are benign; malignancy risk ~5-15%
- Defining clinical sign: neck mass that moves upward on swallowing (tethered to larynx/trachea via pretracheal fascia)
- Medullary thyroid cancer arises from parafollicular C cells (not follicular cells) - produces calcitonin as tumour marker
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