Acute & emergency · UKMLA & AKT
Cardiac failure
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test, covering how to recognise this condition. The full SA Note notes add investigations, management and complications, with practice questions on this topic.
Key high-yield points
- Left-sided: dyspnoea on exertion, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, bibasal crackles, S3
- Right-sided: peripheral pitting oedema, raised JVP, hepatomegaly
- Orthopnoea/PND - fluid redistributes from dependent tissues to pulmonary circulation when recumbent
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