Gastroenterology · UKMLA & AKT
Vitamin B12 deficiency
A free high-yield preview for the UKMLA Applied Knowledge Test, covering how to recognise this condition. The full SA Note notes add investigations, management and complications, with practice questions on this topic.
Key high-yield points
- Dietary deficiency - strict vegans/vegetarians (B12 found only in animal products; deficiency takes years given liver stores)
- Pernicious anaemia - autoimmune atrophic gastritis causing loss of intrinsic factor; commonest cause in UK
- Post-surgical malabsorption - gastrectomy, terminal ileal resection, Roux-en-Y bypass
- Terminal ileal disease - Crohn's disease
- Drugs - metformin, PPIs, H2 antagonists, colchicine
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